• AI-Based Fault Diagnosis for Photovoltaic Systems Using Performance Indicators Derived from Low-Resolution Instantaneous Data

    저해상도 순시 데이터 기반 태양광 성능지표를 활용한 인공지능 기반 이상진단 모델 개발

    sukwhan Ko, woogyun Shin, youngchul Ju, hyemi Hwang, jinsuk Lee, byungki Jeon

    고석환, 신우균, 주영철, 황혜미, 이진석, 전병기

    The performance evaluation and operation and maintenance (O&M) of photovoltaic (PV) power plants are primarily based on key performance indicators (KPIs) derived … + READ MORE
    The performance evaluation and operation and maintenance (O&M) of photovoltaic (PV) power plants are primarily based on key performance indicators (KPIs) derived form monitoring data, including Performance Ratio (PR) and Capacity Factor (CF). In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of applying unsupervised learning-based toward anomaly detection using daily KPIs generated from conventional 10-min interval monitoring data. Daily CF and temperature-corrected PR were calculated from approximately 4.5 years of operational data collected from an 88.2 kWp PV power plant and used as input features for Isolation Forest (i-Forest), k-means, and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). We found that CF is suitable for long-term performance assessment but is limited in its capacity to detect anomalies, whereas PR is highly sensitive to performance degradation but is also susceptible to irradiance sensor measurement errors. Therefore, CF and PR facilitates the characterization of both degradation-related anomalies and measurement-related abnormalities. Among the evaluated models, GMM exhibited the best clustering performance by clearly identifying normal operation, performance degradation, low-irradiance operation, and irradiance sensor anomalies. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using daily KPIs derived monitoring data for the unsupervised identification of abnormal operating patterns. This study highlights the feasibility of developing practical and cost-effective AI-based O&M technologies for PV power plants using existing monitoring infrastructure. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2026
  • Economic Feasibility Analysis of Rooftop Solar Business Models for Industrial Complexes: A Case Study of the Gumi Industrial Complex

    산업단지 지붕 태양광 사업모델의 경제성 분석: 구미 산업단지 사례 연구

    Heungjo An, Juhaeng Cho, Sangtaek Kim, Surim Jeon

    안흥조, 조주행, 김상택, 전수림

    In this study, we developed an economic feasibility analysis framework for rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) business models in industrial complexes and conducted … + READ MORE
    In this study, we developed an economic feasibility analysis framework for rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) business models in industrial complexes and conducted an empirical case study of a company located in the Gumi National Industrial Complex. We considered three representative rooftop solar PV business models: the net-metering model, the direct power purchase agreement model, and the simple rooftop lease model. We found that the self-consumption-based net-metering model had the greatest economic benefit among all the evaluated models. Furthermore, under the current government policies and market conditions, the internal rate of return of the net-metering model was estimated to range from 17% to 26%, pointing to the use of the model in industrial complex firms being sufficiently feasible. These findings provide a quantitative basis for evaluating the adoption of rooftop solar PV systems by industrial complex companies and may serve as foundational data for the future expansion of rooftop solar PV deployment in industrial complexes. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2026
  • Analysis on the Acquisition Status of Building Energy Efficiency Rating Certification and the Determinants of Certification Rating

    건축물 에너지효율 등급 인증 취득 현황 분석과 등급 결정요인 연구

    Young-Sun Jeong, Hye-Sun Jin, Hye-Kyung Shin

    정영선, 진혜선, 신혜경

    As global interest in building energy efficiency grows, South Korea has actively implemented the Building Energy Efficiency Rating Certification (BEEC). In this … + READ MORE
    As global interest in building energy efficiency grows, South Korea has actively implemented the Building Energy Efficiency Rating Certification (BEEC). In this study, we analyzed all 13,370 BEEC-certified buildings from 2013 to 2025 to identify structural changes and characteristics across sectors, scale, and regions, with the aim of quantifying the determinants of top-rating certification grades. To achieve this aim, we used descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis, logistic regression for determinant analysis, and a Python-based regression model to compare expected versus actual certification ratings. We found that that BEEC certification accounts for 34.1% and 65.9% of residential and non-residential buildings, respectively. Moreover, the practical spread of the certification system was led by non-residential buildings. Our results relieved improvement in energy efficiency qualitatively improved, with top-ratings (1++ and 1+++) comprising 62.2% of recent certifications (2021–2025). Logistic regression analysis showed that newer and public buildings are significantly more likely to achieve top-ratings grades, whereas residential buildings with larger gross floor areas are less likely to do so. Furthermore, the predictive model analysis confirmed that public offices and properties in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do often received lower-than-expected ratings compared to similar building groups. Overall, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the BEEC system based on the data of the entire certified building and to provide practical policy insights in the implementation of the Zero Energy Building (ZEB) certification system. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2026
  • Three-State Classification for Photovoltaic Module Anomaly Detection Using Peer-Relative Criteria and Temporal Persistence

    이웃 상대 기준과 지속성 기반 태양광 모듈 이상 탐지를 위한 3상태 분류

    Su-cheon Lee, Tae-geol Woo, Se-hun Lee, Jei Park, Kang-moon Park

    이수천, 우태걸, 이세훈, 박제이, 박강문

    Module-level anomalies in photovoltaic plants may be obscured by aggregate indicators, with maintenance labels often being unavailable. We define Normal, LowPower, and … + READ MORE
    Module-level anomalies in photovoltaic plants may be obscured by aggregate indicators, with maintenance labels often being unavailable. We define Normal, LowPower, and Thermal Anomaly weak labels using same-string peer deviations and two-sample persistence. Thermal Anomaly denotes peer-relative overtemperature, not a thermographically confirmed cell-level hotspot. We analyzed 15 months of 15-min measurements collected from 349 modules. A 55℃ comparison threshold flagged 347 modules at least once and yielded no winter detections, whereas the peer-relative criterion reduced the number of flagged modules to 143 and mitigated seasonal bias. Module-wise five-fold cross-validation prevented identity leakage, and we evaluated 16 configurations combining directionality, Self-Attention, position-wise feed-forward blocks, and temporal pooling. Across 976,911 pooled out-of-fold windows, Macro F1 was 0.9837, and the fold mean was 0.9544 ± 0.0373. Our findings reveal weak-label consistency on unseen modules, not accuracy against field-confirmed faults. The unidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with mean pooling underperformed, whereas changing any one factor recovered most of the performance. Moreover, other configurations did not differ substantially, supporting deployment-specific complexity selection. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2026
  • Feasibility Analysis of Photovoltaic Installation for Rural Stay-type Shelters and Farm Huts in Korea: Focusing on Regulatory Gaps, Economic and Environmental Assessment

    농촌체류형 쉼터 및 생활설비형 농막의 태양광발전 설비 설치 타당성 분석: 법·제도 공백 검토와 경제성·환경성 평가를 중심으로

    Chan Hyeok Kang, Kwang Young Kim, Chang Ho Choi, Young Cheol Kwon, Su Min Go, Byung Min Kim, Bo Kyung Jung

    강찬혁, 김광영, 최창호, 권영철, 고수민, 김병민, 정보경

    The Rural Stay-type Shelter, legalized in 2025, permits overnight stays in temporary buildings of up to 33 m2 on farmland; this … + READ MORE
    The Rural Stay-type Shelter, legalized in 2025, permits overnight stays in temporary buildings of up to 33 m2 on farmland; this policy has resulted in a new distributed electricity demand for which no supply framework exists. Electricity is a precondition for these facilities, which require electricity for house cooking, heating and cooling, and water pumping; yet grid connection is hindered by distance-based connection charges at remote plots, reliance on nearby distribution poles, and the risk of the facility being deemed a residence. This study assesses the feasibility of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) for these facilities through a statutory review, a techno-economic analysis, and an environmental assessment. The statutory review revealed three regulatory gaps: the absence of explicit provisions for PV on temporary buildings, ambiguous net-metering contract eligibility, and exclusion from residential subsidy programs. A 3-kW rooftop system is sufficient for the annual demand of a standard shelter (757–2,111 kWh) in all occupancy scenarios, but its simple payback of 13.9-38.7 years exceeds the 12-year retention period without subsidy. The national subsidy of the residential support program makes full-time occupancy viable (8.5 years), combined national–local subsidies extend viability to half-time use (9.9 years), and for intermittently occupied remote plots a stand-alone PV–ESS system becomes competitive beyond a grid-extension distance of about 320–330 m, while weekend-only use remains unviable. Each unit avoids about 1.66 tCO2eq per year. Overall, the main feasibility bottleneck is institutional rather than technical, and we propose a differentiated roadmap of explicit installation permission, subsidy eligibility, and clarified net-metering rules. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2026
  • Fabrication of Series-Connected Photovoltaic Modules for Solar Streetlights under Shading Conditions

    음영 손실 최소화를 위한 직렬 접합형 가로등용 태양광 모듈 제조

    Min-Joon Park, Sanggil Lee, Sehwan Ju, Sungmin Youn

    박민준, 이상길, 주세환, 윤성민

    This study investigated the fabrication and electrical characteristics of series-connected photovoltaic (PV) modules designed for solar streetlights under partial shading conditions. The … + READ MORE
    This study investigated the fabrication and electrical characteristics of series-connected photovoltaic (PV) modules designed for solar streetlights under partial shading conditions. The crystalline silicon solar cells were divided into five strips using infrared laser scribing and interconnected using an electrically conductive adhesive. Six strings, each consisting of 21 series-connected cell strips, were fabricated and arranged in different series–parallel configurations to obtain voltage and current characteristics suitable for solar streetlight applications. The fabricated modules exhibited maximum power outputs of 130.42, 138.65, and 133.29 W for the 6 Parallel (6P), 3 Parallel × 2 Series (3P2S), and 2 Parallel × 3 Series (2P3S) configurations, respectively. Among them, the 3P2S configuration exhibited a maximum power output of 138.65 W with an open-circuit voltage of 29.24 V and was selected considering the voltage requirements and resistive losses of the system. Partial shading corresponding to 10% of the module area was subsequently applied to the developed commercial PV modules. The power degradation of the developed module was 34.48%, whereas that of the commercial module reached 92.95%. These results demonstrate that an optimized series–parallel configuration can effectively improve the power retention of PV modules under partial shading conditions. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2026
  • Monthly Lighting Energy Savings Performance Assessment Method for Indoor Louver-Type Daylight Redirecting Systems based on EN 15193-1

    EN 15193-1을 활용한 실내 루버형 집광 채광 장치의 월간 조명 에너지 절감 성능 평가 방법

    JaeHan Lim, SoHee Shim, MiSoo Shin

    임재한, 심소희, 신미수

    Recently, indoor louver-type daylight redirection systems have been recognized as a passive solar technology for reducing lighting energy use in South Korea. … + READ MORE
    Recently, indoor louver-type daylight redirection systems have been recognized as a passive solar technology for reducing lighting energy use in South Korea. However, their energy-saving performance is not quantitatively reflected in the current zero-energy building certification system. This study compares international lighting energy performance standards, including EN 15193-1 and DIN V 18599-4, thereby proposing a monthly lighting energy-saving assessment method for indoor louver-type daylight redirection systems based on EN 15193-1 Method 1. The system is represented as a light-guiding system, and its daylight contribution is reflected in the daylight supply and daylight-responsive lighting control factors. A case study of an elementary school classroom demonstrated that the proposed method can quantify the lighting energy-saving effect of the system on a monthly and annual basis. The results indicate the applicability of the proposed method for assessing building energy performance. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2026
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